Documentation on region.php: You need to include three parameters: region (which can typically take a value of a country, though some larger regions are also allowed), start_date (which is of the form YYYY0000), and end_date (which is of the form YYYY0000). Both start_date and end_date are inclusive. For instance, to get data for India from 1970 to 2010, use /region.php?region=India&start_date=19700000&end_date=20100000.
GDP
Dataset and exact metric name
Average
Growth (start to end, using linear fit on logarithm)
GDP per capita
Dataset and exact metric name
Average
Growth (start to end, using linear fit on logarithm)
Population
Dataset and exact metric name
Average
Growth (start to end, using linear fit on logarithm)